Placement of stones in the river - Revision history

Bendikhansen: Text replacement - "category:Measures" to "category:Solutions"

2020-10-26T10:03:04Z

Text replacement - "category:Measures" to "category:Solutions"

Bendikhansen: /* Relevant Literature */

2020-09-30T14:17:24Z

Relevant Literature

Bendikhansen at 14:17, 30 September 2020

2020-09-30T14:17:09Z

Bendikhansen at 14:13, 30 September 2020

2020-09-30T14:13:32Z

Bendikhansen at 16:02, 3 June 2020

2020-06-03T16:02:52Z

Bendikhansen at 02:11, 20 April 2020

2020-04-20T02:11:47Z

Bendikhansen at 02:11, 20 April 2020

2020-04-20T02:11:33Z

Bendikhansen at 11:57, 6 April 2020

2020-04-06T11:57:24Z

Bendikhansen at 11:57, 6 April 2020

2020-04-06T11:57:09Z

Bendikhansen: /* During planning */

2020-04-05T14:19:42Z

During planning

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:03, 26 October 2020
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	*Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Skoglund, H., Velle, G., Gabrielsen, S.E., Stranzl, S.F., Espedal, E.O., Lehmann, G.B., Wiers, T., Skår, B., Normann, E., Fjeldstad, H-P. 2017. Tiltakshåndbok for bedre fysisk vannmiljø: God praksis ved miljøforbedrende tiltak i elver og bekker. Uni Research AS.		*Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Skoglund, H., Velle, G., Gabrielsen, S.E., Stranzl, S.F., Espedal, E.O., Lehmann, G.B., Wiers, T., Skår, B., Normann, E., Fjeldstad, H-P. 2017. Tiltakshåndbok for bedre fysisk vannmiljø: God praksis ved miljøforbedrende tiltak i elver og bekker. Uni Research AS.

−	[[category:Habitat measures]][[Category:Sediment measures]][[category:~~Measures~~]]	+	[[category:Habitat measures]][[Category:Sediment measures]][[category:Solutions]]

@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 =Relevant Literature=
-Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Skoglund, H., Velle, G., Gabrielsen, S.E., Stranzl, S.F., Espedal, E.O., Lehmann, G.B., Wiers, T., Skår, B., Normann, E., Fjeldstad, H-P. 2017. Tiltakshåndbok for bedre fysisk vannmiljø: God praksis ved miljøforbedrende tiltak i elver og bekker. Uni Research AS.
+*Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Skoglund, H., Velle, G., Gabrielsen, S.E., Stranzl, S.F., Espedal, E.O., Lehmann, G.B., Wiers, T., Skår, B., Normann, E., Fjeldstad, H-P. 2017. Tiltakshåndbok for bedre fysisk vannmiljø: God praksis ved miljøforbedrende tiltak i elver og bekker. Uni Research AS.
 [[category:Habitat measures]][[Category:Sediment measures]][[category:Measures]]

@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 ==During implementation==
 The implementation of this measure would require access to rocks of the right size and distribution. If such rocks are available from nearby areas, the need for transportation will be minimised, but the use of dumper and tractor must be counted in. Helicopter can also be an option in more remotely located areas. The placement of rocks in the river would normally require supervision of a biologist, hydraulician or another experienced person in order to secure the right positioning.
 ==During operation==
 Habitat measures in regulated rivers must often be maintained unless the natural functions related to flow and sediments are restored, such as flood events and connectivity of the sediments. How often the maintenance must be made will differ from river to river and can vary from for instance every 5 year to every 20 years. Rivers with larger volumes of fines, intense growth of moss, algae and macrophytes would need more frequent maintenance than rivers with cold water and low nutrient concentrations (less growth).
@@ Line 71: / Line 72: @@
 =Relevant Literature=
-*Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Skoglund, H., Velle, G., Gabrielsen, S.E., Stranzl, S.F., Espedal, E.O., Lehmann, G.B., Wiers, T., Skår, B., Normann, E., Fjeldstad, H-P. 2017. Tiltakshåndbok for bedre fysisk vannmiljø: God praksis ved miljøforbedrende tiltak i elver og bekker. Uni Research AS.
+Pulg, U., Barlaup, B.T., Skoglund, H., Velle, G., Gabrielsen, S.E., Stranzl, S.F., Espedal, E.O., Lehmann, G.B., Wiers, T., Skår, B., Normann, E., Fjeldstad, H-P. 2017. Tiltakshåndbok for bedre fysisk vannmiljø: God praksis ved miljøforbedrende tiltak i elver og bekker. Uni Research AS.
 [[category:Habitat measures]][[Category:Sediment measures]][[category:Measures]]

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 After the measure has been put in place, the improvements in shelter can be measured carrying out the same procedure.
-The effect of placing larger rocks in the river on shelter can be modelled with 3D hydraulic tools such as OpenFoam, Star-CCM, Telemac, etc (see Chapter 9.1 for references). For a practical application it appears, however, that carrying out such a modelling exercise is a far too extensive job compared to the reduced uncertainty in the effect this might give. As such, use of 3D models must be considered mostly for research purpose.
+The effect of placing larger rocks in the river on shelter can be modelled with 3D hydraulic tools such as [[OpenFOAM]], Star-CCM, [[TELEMAC]], etc. For a practical application it appears, however, that carrying out such a modelling exercise is a far too extensive job compared to the reduced uncertainty in the effect this might give. As such, use of 3D models must be considered mostly for research purpose.
 ==During implementation==
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 =Relevant Literature=
 [[category:Habitat measures]][[Category:Sediment measures]][[category:Measures]]

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 =Classification table=
 {{Placement of stones in the river}}
 [[category:Habitat measures]][[Category:Sediment measures]][[category:Measures]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[file:icon_habitat.png|right|150px|link=[[Habitat]]]]
-[[file:icon_sediments.png|right|150px|link=[[Sediments]]]]
+[[file:icon_sediment.png|right|150px|link=[[Sediments]]]]
 Note that this measure is included in both the habitat and sediment categories.
 =Introduction=

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[file:icon_habitat.png|right|150px|link=[[Habitat]]]]
 [[file:shelter_tube.png|thumb|250px|Figure 1: Measurement of sheltered habitat using a 13 mm-thick plastic hose inserted into interstitial spaces between rocks within the area of a 50 x 50 cm steel frame.]]
 [[file:rock_placement.png|thumb|250px|Figure 2: Area of a river with reduced shelter due to deposition of fine material.]]
 [[file:rock_placement3.png|thumb|250px|Figure 3: A river with large stones creating shelter for adult fish to the right.]]
 In steeper rivers larger rocks are often naturally present, but these have sometimes been removed in order to improve the capacity to convey floods or to ease floating of timber. Larger stones provide shelter and resting places while smaller sized stones give interstitial space to shelter juvenile fish. Combined with changes in the reduction in large floods, sediment dynamics and clogging of the substrate, shelter can be the limiting factor ('bottleneck') in the development of the fish population. Placement of stones of the river will create hydraulic diversity and can be an efficient measure in reducing this bottleneck (Pulg et al 2017).

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 <table style="height: 129px;" border="1" width="317" cellpadding="5">
-<caption>table 1: A system for classification of access to shelter for juvenile salmonids.</caption>
+<caption>Table 1: A system for classification of access to shelter for juvenile salmonids.</caption>
 <tr style="height: 20px;">
 <td style="width: 307px; height: 20px; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" colspan="3">