Difference between revisions of "Visible implant elastomer"

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[[file:vie_implant_2.jpg|thumb|200px|Figure 1. Injection of visible implant elastomer (NMT)]][[file:vie_implant_3.jpg|thumb|200px|Figure 2: Example of VIE inside fish (NMT)]]
 
=Quick summary=
 
=Quick summary=
Developed by:  
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Developed by: Northwest Marine Technology, Inc.
  
 
Date:  
 
Date:  
  
Type: [[Devices|Device]]
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Type: [[:Category:Devices|Device]]
 
 
Suitable for the following [[::Category:Measures|measures]]: [[Mitigating_rapid,_short-term_variations_in_flow_(hydro-peaking_operations)|Mitigating rapid, short-term variations in flow (hydro-peaking operations)]] in all phases (planning, implementation, maintenance)
 
  
 
=Introduction=
 
=Introduction=
COSH-Tool is a software written in [https://www.python.org Python] used for quantifying fluctuations in water level and discharge which may occur in rivers subjected to hydropeaking. COSH-Tool was developed at SINTEF Energy as a part of the [https://www.cedren.no/english/home CEDREN] EnviPeak project (Norwegian Research Council, Grant number 193818) with the aim of providing characteristics of hydropeaking events in regulated rivers in order to classify the hydropeaking regimes of rivers.
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Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) Tags are coloured tags (https://www.nmt.us/visible-implant-elastomer/). They are implanted in translucent tissue of several animals, mainly used in fish, but also in crustaceans, cephalopods, reptiles, amphibians, small mammals, etc. (Figure 1). VIE consists of two liquid components (colour component and curing agent) which are mixed just before the tagging, changing into a solid state in a short time (1-2 hours). VIE are injected subcutaneously with syringes or specialist injection systems in clear tissue areas, and there are several colours available, with and without fluorescence.
The tool enables the analysis of long time series of water level or discharge by applying an automated processing to the time series. It provides a set of indicators that characterize fluctuations of water level and discharge in rivers and lakes/reservoirs.
 
 
 
[[file:Lundesokna high low.png|800px|Figure 1. The river Lundesokna in Norway downstream a peaking hydropower plant. COSH-Tool can be used to asses many aspects of peaking operations]]
 
  
 
=Application=
 
=Application=
COSH-Tool can be applied to any water level or discharge time series provided by measurements (field work) or simulation (numerical modelling). The analysis of the time series with COSH-Tool does not require any coding from the user and is executed through an interface.
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The main goal of tagging with VIE is the visual recognition of individuals (Figure 2). This can be achieved with a unique code, depending on the number of animals, colours and tagging places available. Obtaining results is based on mark and recapture techniques, and usually as a complement of another tracking system. The main application is focused on temporary habitat use studies. In the case of fishways, tagging fish downstream, upstream and inside the fishway, and recapturing some of them, can provide information about their movements.
 
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In contrast to other tag devices smaller individuals (even less than five centimetres) can be tagged with VIE and the cost per tag is quite low (€ cents per tag per millilitre of product and day of tagging). However, about costs, it is necessary to also take into account the need for fish samples, or video recording devices that are required for the recaptures
Input files:
 
The input file is a water level or discharge time series. COSH-Tool handles time series with typical time step ranging from minute to hour.
 
 
 
Output files:
 
COSH-Tool computes a set of parameters that characterise water level and discharge fluctuations. The parameters can be classified in three categories: 1) magnitude of the variations; 2) timing and rapidity; and 3) frequency. The parameters are listed in Table 1.
 
  
[[file:COSH parameters.JPG|650px|Table 1. List of parameters computed by COSH-Tool]]
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=Relevant mitigation measures and test cases=
 
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{{Suitable measures for Visible implant elastomer}}
The output from COSH-Tool consists in a table with statistics of the magnitude and timing parameters (category 1 and 2) and a set of graphs of corresponding graphs. Statistics are min, max, mean, median, standard deviation and percentiles. They can be computed for the entire time series, as well as on a monthly, seasonal and yearly basis. Statistics are also displayed in the form of box plots.
 
 
 
COSH-Tool provides also values and graphs for all frequency parameters (category 3), namely distribution of peaks throughout the day (Figure 2), number of peaks per day for each year of the time series (Figure 3), and total number of peak events per year.
 
 
 
[[file:COSH_peaks.png|500px|Figure 2. Distribution of peaks events throughout the day.]]
 
[[file:COSH_peaks2.png|500px|Figure 3. Number of peak events per day for each year of the time series.]]
 
 
 
Additionally, the light conditions (day, twilight, darkness) at the time of the occurrence of the peaks can be computed. A graph provides the proportion of peaks occurring at the different types of light conditions per month (Figure 4).
 
 
 
[[file:COSH_peaks3.png|300px|Figure 4.  Distribution of peak events (decreasing events) per month and according to light conditions]]
 
  
 
=Other information=
 
=Other information=
The COSH-Tool is free of use after agreement with SINTEF Energy Research.
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More information about range size and species with links to research papers can be found here: https://www.nmt.us/versatile-vie/
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There are other types of tags with similar characteristics and/or applications. For example: VI Alpha tags (https://www.nmt.us/vi-alpha/), Anchor tags (https://www.hallprint.com/), piercing tags (https://nationalband.com/fish-tags/).
 
=Contact information=
 
=Contact information=
Julie.charmasson@sintef.no
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https://www.nmt.us
 
=Relevant literature=
 
=Relevant literature=
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260442647_A_computational_tool_for_the_characterisation_of_rapid_fluctuations_in_flow_and_stage_in_rivers_caused_by_hydropeaking Sauterleute J. and Charmasson J. 2014]. A computational tool for the characterisation of rapid fluctuations in flow and stage in rivers caused by hydropeaking. <i>Environmental Modelling & Software</i> <b>55</b>:266-278.
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*Hohn, C., Petrie-Hanson, L.(2013)Evaluation of visible implant elastomer tags in zebrafish (Danio rerio)Biology Open  2: 1397-1401; https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.20136460
 
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*Jacoby, D.M.P., Fear, L.N., Sims, D.W., Croft, D.P.(2014) Shark personalities? Repeatability of social network traits in a widely distributed predatory fish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 68, 1995–2003 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1805-9
[http://proceedings.ise2016.org/tracks/1105/abstract/26774.html Charmasson, J. 2016]. COSH-Tool, a computational tool for the characterization of rapid fluctuations in flow and stage in rivers caused by hydropeaking. <i>Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, Melbourne, Australia.</i>
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[[Category:Devices]]
 
 
Caetano, L., Pinheiro, A. and Boavida, I. 2018. Analysis of the effects of a hydropower plant in the downstream fish habitat. COSH-tool application. <i>Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, Tokyo, Japan.</i>
 
[[Category:Tools]]
 

Latest revision as of 13:05, 1 June 2020

Figure 1. Injection of visible implant elastomer (NMT)
Figure 2: Example of VIE inside fish (NMT)

Quick summary

Developed by: Northwest Marine Technology, Inc.

Date:

Type: Device

Introduction

Visible Implant Elastomer (VIE) Tags are coloured tags (https://www.nmt.us/visible-implant-elastomer/). They are implanted in translucent tissue of several animals, mainly used in fish, but also in crustaceans, cephalopods, reptiles, amphibians, small mammals, etc. (Figure 1). VIE consists of two liquid components (colour component and curing agent) which are mixed just before the tagging, changing into a solid state in a short time (1-2 hours). VIE are injected subcutaneously with syringes or specialist injection systems in clear tissue areas, and there are several colours available, with and without fluorescence.

Application

The main goal of tagging with VIE is the visual recognition of individuals (Figure 2). This can be achieved with a unique code, depending on the number of animals, colours and tagging places available. Obtaining results is based on mark and recapture techniques, and usually as a complement of another tracking system. The main application is focused on temporary habitat use studies. In the case of fishways, tagging fish downstream, upstream and inside the fishway, and recapturing some of them, can provide information about their movements. In contrast to other tag devices smaller individuals (even less than five centimetres) can be tagged with VIE and the cost per tag is quite low (€ cents per tag per millilitre of product and day of tagging). However, about costs, it is necessary to also take into account the need for fish samples, or video recording devices that are required for the recaptures

Relevant mitigation measures and test cases

Relevant measures
Baffle fishways
Bottom-type intakes (Coanda screen, Lepine water intake, etc)
Bypass combined with other solutions
Construction of a 'river-in-the-river'
Construction of off-channel habitats
Fish guidance structures with narrow bar spacing
Fish lifts, screws, locks, and others
Fish-friendly turbines
Fish refuge under hydropeaking conditions
Fishways for eels and lampreys
Migration barrier removal
Mitigating rapid, short-term variations in flow (hydro-peaking operations)
Mitigating reduced annual flow and low flow measures
Mitigating reduced flood peaks, magnitudes, and frequency
Nature-like fishways
Operational measures (turbine operations, spillway passage)
Other types of fine screens
Placement of dead wood and debris
Placement of spawning gravel in the river
Placement of stones in the river
Pool-type fishways
Removal of weirs
Sensory, behavioural barriers (electricity, light, sound, air-water curtains)
Skimming walls (fixed or floating)
Truck transport
Vertical slot fishways
Relevant test cases Applied in test case?
Altusried test case -
Bannwil test case -
Guma and Vadocondes test cases Yes
Schiffmühle test case -

Other information

More information about range size and species with links to research papers can be found here: https://www.nmt.us/versatile-vie/ There are other types of tags with similar characteristics and/or applications. For example: VI Alpha tags (https://www.nmt.us/vi-alpha/), Anchor tags (https://www.hallprint.com/), piercing tags (https://nationalband.com/fish-tags/).

Contact information

https://www.nmt.us

Relevant literature

  • Hohn, C., Petrie-Hanson, L.(2013)Evaluation of visible implant elastomer tags in zebrafish (Danio rerio)Biology Open 2: 1397-1401; https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.20136460
  • Jacoby, D.M.P., Fear, L.N., Sims, D.W., Croft, D.P.(2014) Shark personalities? Repeatability of social network traits in a widely distributed predatory fish. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 68, 1995–2003 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-014-1805-9